See киш in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mhr",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "mhr:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mhr",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "mhr:Pathology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kišpod",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "кишпод"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "chm-pro",
"3": "*kiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari *kiš",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*käkšə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *käkšə",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "кекше"
},
"expansion": "Erzya кекше (kekše)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "кяше"
},
"expansion": "Moksha кяше (käše)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mari *kiš, perhaps from earlier *käškə and related to Proto-Mordvinic *käkšə (whence Erzya кекше (kekše), Moksha кяше (käše)), both possibly borrowed from a substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-decl-noun-npos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "киш",
"roman": "kiš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влак",
"roman": "kiš-vlak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишым",
"roman": "kišym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакым",
"roman": "kiš-vlakym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишын",
"roman": "kišyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакын",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишлан",
"roman": "kišlan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влаклан",
"roman": "kiš-vlaklan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишге",
"roman": "kišge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакге",
"roman": "kiš-vlakge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишла",
"roman": "kišla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакла",
"roman": "kiš-vlakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишыште",
"roman": "kišyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакыште",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишыш",
"roman": "kišyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"short-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакыш",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "кишышке",
"roman": "kišyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"long-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакышке",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"long-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишеш",
"roman": "kišeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакеш",
"roman": "kiš-vlakeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кишем",
"roman": "kišem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишна",
"roman": "kišna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишет",
"roman": "kišet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишда",
"roman": "kišda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишше",
"roman": "kišše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишышт",
"roman": "kišyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кишем",
"roman": "kišem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишна",
"roman": "kišna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишет",
"roman": "kišet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишда",
"roman": "kišda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишыже",
"roman": "kišyže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишышт",
"roman": "kišyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "киш-влак",
"5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "киш • (kiš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "киш • (kiš)",
"name": "mhr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"киш"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "киш",
"2": "",
"3": "ы",
"4": "е",
"5": "е"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-npos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "киш",
"10": "киш-влакге",
"11": "кишла",
"12": "киш-влакла",
"13": "кишыште",
"14": "киш-влакыште",
"15": "кишыш",
"16": "киш-влакыш",
"17": "кишышке",
"18": "киш-влакышке",
"19": "кишеш",
"2": "киш-влак",
"20": "киш-влакеш",
"3": "кишым",
"4": "киш-влакым",
"5": "кишын",
"6": "киш-влакын",
"7": "кишлан",
"8": "киш-влаклан",
"9": "кишге"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 19 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 19 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 17 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari terms in nonstandard scripts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 16 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "mhr",
"name": "Bodily fluids",
"orig": "mhr:Bodily fluids",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"resin, pitch"
],
"id": "en-киш-mhr-noun-ZhEmlUVW",
"links": [
[
"resin",
"resin"
],
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ала"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 19 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 19 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"earwax"
],
"id": "en-киш-mhr-noun-NmNtSe5T",
"links": [
[
"earwax",
"earwax"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 13 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 19 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 19 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Eastern Mari links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"obtrusive person, clinging person"
],
"id": "en-киш-mhr-noun--OBsIbSb",
"links": [
[
"obtrusive",
"obtrusive"
],
[
"clinging",
"clinging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) obtrusive person, clinging person"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kiʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʃ"
}
],
"word": "киш"
}
{
"categories": [
"Eastern Mari entries with incorrect language header",
"Eastern Mari lemmas",
"Eastern Mari links with redundant alt parameters",
"Eastern Mari links with redundant wikilinks",
"Eastern Mari nouns",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from Proto-Mari",
"Eastern Mari terms derived from substrate languages",
"Eastern Mari terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Eastern Mari terms inherited from Proto-Mari",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/iʃ",
"Rhymes:Eastern Mari/iʃ/1 syllable",
"mhr:Bodily fluids",
"mhr:Medicine",
"mhr:Pathology"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kišpod",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "кишпод"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "chm-pro",
"3": "*kiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mari *kiš",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-mdv-pro",
"2": "*käkšə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *käkšə",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "кекше"
},
"expansion": "Erzya кекше (kekše)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mdf",
"2": "кяше"
},
"expansion": "Moksha кяше (käše)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Mari *kiš, perhaps from earlier *käškə and related to Proto-Mordvinic *käkšə (whence Erzya кекше (kekše), Moksha кяше (käše)), both possibly borrowed from a substrate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kiš",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-decl-noun-npos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "киш",
"roman": "kiš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влак",
"roman": "kiš-vlak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишым",
"roman": "kišym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакым",
"roman": "kiš-vlakym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишын",
"roman": "kišyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакын",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишлан",
"roman": "kišlan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влаклан",
"roman": "kiš-vlaklan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишге",
"roman": "kišge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакге",
"roman": "kiš-vlakge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишла",
"roman": "kišla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакла",
"roman": "kiš-vlakla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comparative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишыште",
"roman": "kišyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакыште",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyšte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишыш",
"roman": "kišyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"short-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакыш",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural",
"short-form"
]
},
{
"form": "кишышке",
"roman": "kišyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"long-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакышке",
"roman": "kiš-vlakyške",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"long-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишеш",
"roman": "kišeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "киш-влакеш",
"roman": "kiš-vlakeš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"lative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кишем",
"roman": "kišem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишна",
"roman": "kišna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишет",
"roman": "kišet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишда",
"roman": "kišda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишше",
"roman": "kišše",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишышт",
"roman": "kišyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "mhr-pos-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кишем",
"roman": "kišem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишна",
"roman": "kišna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кишет",
"roman": "kišet",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кишда",
"roman": "kišda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишыже",
"roman": "kišyže",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "кишышт",
"roman": "kišyšt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mhr",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "киш-влак",
"5": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "киш • (kiš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "киш • (kiš)",
"name": "mhr-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"киш"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "киш",
"2": "",
"3": "ы",
"4": "е",
"5": "е"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-npos"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "киш",
"10": "киш-влакге",
"11": "кишла",
"12": "киш-влакла",
"13": "кишыште",
"14": "киш-влакыште",
"15": "кишыш",
"16": "киш-влакыш",
"17": "кишышке",
"18": "киш-влакышке",
"19": "кишеш",
"2": "киш-влак",
"20": "киш-влакеш",
"3": "кишым",
"4": "киш-влакым",
"5": "кишын",
"6": "киш-влакын",
"7": "кишлан",
"8": "киш-влаклан",
"9": "кишге"
},
"name": "mhr-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"resin, pitch"
],
"links": [
[
"resin",
"resin"
],
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ала"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"earwax"
],
"links": [
[
"earwax",
"earwax"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"obtrusive person, clinging person"
],
"links": [
[
"obtrusive",
"obtrusive"
],
[
"clinging",
"clinging"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) obtrusive person, clinging person"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kiʃ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iʃ"
}
],
"word": "киш"
}
Download raw JSONL data for киш meaning in Eastern Mari (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Eastern Mari dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.